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The values of the hyperbolic sine function for special values of its argument can be easily derived from the corresponding values of the circular sine in special points of the circle:
The values at infinity can be expressed by the following formulas:
For real values of argument  , the values of  are real.
In the points  , the values of  are algebraic. In several cases, they can even be rational numbers, 0, or 1, multiplied by  . Here are some examples:
The values of  can be expressed using only square roots if  and  is a product of a power of 2 and distinct Fermat primes {3, 5, 17, 257, …}.
The function  is an entire analytical function of  that is defined over the whole complex  ‐plane and does not have branch cuts and branch points. It has an essential singular point at  . It is a periodic function with the period  :
The function  is an odd function with mirror symmetry:
The derivatives of  have simple representations using either the  function or the  function:
The function  satisfies the simplest possible linear differential equation with constant coefficients:
The complete solution of this equation can be represented as a linear combination of  and  with arbitrary constant coefficients  and  :
The function  also satisfies the first‐order nonlinear differential equation:
The function  has a simple series expansion at the origin that converges in the whole complex  ‐plane:
The following infinite product representation for  clearly illustrates that  at  :
Indefinite integrals of expressions involving the hyperbolic sine function can sometimes be expressed using elementary functions. However, special functions are frequently needed to express the results even when the integrands have a simple form (if they can be evaluated in closed form). Here are some examples:
The last integral cannot be evaluated in closed form using the known classical special functions for arbitrary values of parameters  and  .
Definite integrals that contain the hyperbolic sine are sometimes simple as shown in the following example:
Some special functions can be used to evaluate more complicated definite integrals. For example, gamma and polygamma functions, are needed to express the following integrals:
Numerous formulas for integral transforms from circular sine functions cannot be easily converted into corresponding formulas with the hyperbolic sine function because the hyperbolic sine grows exponentially at infinity. This holds for the Fourier cosine and sine transforms, and for Mellin, Hilbert, Hankel, and other transforms.
The exceptional case is the Laplace transform that itself includes the exponential function in the kernel:
The following finite sum of the hyperbolic sine can be expressed using the hyperbolic sine function:
The following infinite sum can be expressed using elementary functions:
The following finite products of the hyperbolic sine can be expressed using elementary functions and formulas:
The following infinite product can be expressed using the hyperbolic sine function:
The hyperbolic sine of a sum can be represented by the rule: "the hyperbolic sine of a sum is equal to the product of the hyperbolic sine by the hyperbolic cosine plus the hyperbolic cosine by the hyperbolic sine." A similar rule is valid for the hyperbolic sine of the difference:
In the case of multiple arguments  ,  , …, the function  can be represented as the finite sum of terms that include powers of the hyperbolic sine and cosine:
The function  can also be represented as the finite product including the hyperbolic sine of the linear argument of  :
The hyperbolic sine of the half‐angle can be represented by the following simple formula that is valid in half of the horizontal strip:
To make this formula correct for all complex  , a complicated prefactor is needed:
where  contains the unit step, real part, imaginary part, and the floor functions.
The sum of two hyperbolic sine functions can be described by the rule: "the sum of hyperbolic sines is equal to the doubled hyperbolic cosine of the half‐difference multiplied by the hyperbolic sine of the half‐sum". A similar rule is valid for the difference of two hyperbolic sines:
The product of two hyperbolic sine functions or the product of the hyperbolic sine and hyperbolic cosine have the following representations:
The integer powers of the hyperbolic sine functions can be expanded as finite sums of hyperbolic cosine (or sine) functions with multiple arguments. These sums include binomial coefficients:
These formulas can be combined into the following formula:
The most famous inequality for the hyperbolic sine function can be described by the following formula:
There is a simple relation between the function  and its inverse function  :
The second formula is valid at least in the horizontal strip  . Outside this strip, a much more complicated relation (that contains the unit step, real part, imaginary part, and the floor functions) holds:
Hyperbolic sine and cosine functions are connected by a very simple formula that contains the linear function in the argument:
Another famous formula, connecting  and  , is expressed in the analog of the well‐known Pythagorean theorem:
The last restriction on  can be removed, but the formula will get a complicated coefficient  that contains the unit step, real part, imaginary part, and the floor function and c(z) ⩵ 1:
The hyperbolic sine function can also be represented using other hyperbolic functions by the following formulas:
The hyperbolic sine function has representations using the other hyperbolic functions:
The hyperbolic sine function is used throughout mathematics, the exact sciences, and engineering.
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