Sum[Sec[z/2^k]^2/2^(2 k), {k, 1, n}] == Csc[z]^2 - Csc[z/2^n]^2/2^(2 n) /; Element[n, Integers] && n >= 0

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<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' mathematica:form='TraditionalForm' xmlns:mathematica='http://www.wolfram.com/XML/'> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <munderover> <mo> &#8721; </mo> <mrow> <mi> k </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mi> n </mi> </munderover> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi> sec </mi> <mn> 2 </mn> </msup> <mo> ( </mo> <mfrac> <mi> z </mi> <msup> <mn> 2 </mn> <mi> k </mi> </msup> </mfrac> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <msup> <mn> 2 </mn> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo> &#10869; </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi> csc </mi> <mn> 2 </mn> </msup> <mo> ( </mo> <mi> z </mi> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn> 1 </mn> <msup> <mn> 2 </mn> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <msup> <mi> csc </mi> <mn> 2 </mn> </msup> <mo> ( </mo> <mfrac> <mi> z </mi> <msup> <mn> 2 </mn> <mi> n </mi> </msup> </mfrac> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> /; </mo> <mrow> <mi> n </mi> <mo> &#8712; </mo> <mi> &#8469; </mi> </mrow> </mrow> <annotation-xml encoding='MathML-Content'> <apply> <ci> Condition </ci> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <sum /> <bvar> <ci> k </ci> </bvar> <lowlimit> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </lowlimit> <uplimit> <ci> n </ci> </uplimit> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <apply> <sec /> <apply> <times /> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <power /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <power /> <apply> <csc /> <ci> z </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> <apply> <power /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <csc /> <apply> <times /> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <power /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <in /> <ci> n </ci> <ci> &#8469; </ci> </apply> </apply> </annotation-xml> </semantics> </math>

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2003-08-21