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Force field curves Integral curves of the differential equation  with  . Initial conditions  are on the unit circle (shown in gray) in the  . Integral curves of Newton’s second law  with  . Initial conditions  are on the unit circle (shown in gray) in the  ;  for all curves. Newtonian vector field integral curves Integral curves of the Newtonian vector field of  . Initial conditions  are on the unit circle (shown in gray) in the  . Force field curves of the real and imaginary parts of the function Integral curves of the differential equations  and  with  . Initial conditions  are on the unit circle (shown in gray) in the  .  vanishes for all curves. Integral curves of Newton’s second law in the potentials  and  . The black circle is the unit circle in the  , ‐plane.
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