Polygamma function: Specific values (formula 06.15.03.0062)

PolyGamma

$Mathematica Notation$

Gamma, Beta, Erf

PolyGamma[nu,z]

Specific values

Values at fixed points

http://functions.wolfram.com/06.15.03.0062.01

Input Form

PolyGamma[-2 n, 1/2] == (2^(-1 - 2 n) (EulerGamma (-1 + 4 n) + I Pi (1 - 2 n) + 4 n Log[Pi] + 4 n PolyGamma[2 n]))/(n (-1 + 2 n)!) - (BernoulliB[2 n] Log[2])/ (2^(2 n) n (-1 + 2 n)!) - ((2^(2 n - 1) - 1) Derivative[1][Zeta][-2 n + 1])/ (2^(2 n - 1) (-1 + 2 n)!) - (2^(1 - 2 n)/(-1 + 2 n)!) Sum[((-1)^j Binomial[-1 + 2 n, j])/(-1 - j + 2 n), {j, 0, -2 + 2 n}] - 2^(1 - 2 n) Sum[Zeta[1 + j]/((I Pi)^j (-1 - j + 2 n)!), {j, 1, -1 + 2 n}] - (2^(1 - 2 n)/(-1 + 2 n)!) Sum[(-2)^k Binomial[-1 + 2 n, k] (Sum[((-1 + 2^(j - k)) Binomial[k, j] PolyGamma[1 - j + k] Zeta[j - k])/ 2^j, {j, 0, k}] - PolyGamma[1 + k] Zeta[-k] - Derivative[1][Zeta][-k]), {k, 0, -1 + 2 n}] + (2^(1 - 2 n)/(-1 + 2 n)!) Sum[(-1)^j Binomial[-1 + 2 n, j] (Log[2] + Sum[((1 - 2^(-k)) Binomial[-1 - j + 2 n, k] k! Zeta[1 + k])/ ((-I) Pi)^k, {k, 1, -1 - j + 2 n}]), {j, 0, -2 + 2 n}] /; Element[n, Integers] && n > 0

Standard Form

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MathML Form

<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' mathematica:form='TraditionalForm' xmlns:mathematica='http://www.wolfram.com/XML/'> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <msup> <semantics> <mi> ψ </mi> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox["\[Psi]", PolyGamma] </annotation> </semantics> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo> ( </mo> <mfrac> <mn> 1 </mn> <mn> 2 </mn> </mfrac> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo>  </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow> <mi> log </mi> <mo> ⁡ </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mn> 2 </mn> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <msub> <semantics> <mi> B </mi> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox["B", BernoulliB] </annotation> </semantics> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mn> 2 </mn> <mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <semantics> <mi> ℽ </mi> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox["\[DoubledGamma]", Function[List[], EulerGamma]] </annotation> </semantics> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 4 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mrow> <mn> 4 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <mi> log </mi> <mo> ⁡ </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mi> π </mi> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mrow> <mn> 4 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <semantics> <mi> ψ </mi> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox["\[Psi]", PolyGamma] </annotation> </semantics> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mrow> <mi> ⅈ </mi> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> π </mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi> n </mi> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mn> 2 </mn> <mrow> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mo> ∑ </mo> <mrow> <mi> j </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mi> j </mi> </msup> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mi> j </mi> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <semantics> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi> j </mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[RowBox[List["(", GridBox[List[List[TagBox[RowBox[List[RowBox[List["2", " ", "n"]], "-", "1"]], Identity, Rule[Editable, True]]], List[TagBox["j", Identity, Rule[Editable, True]]]]], ")"]], InterpretTemplate[Function[Binomial[Slot[1], Slot[2]]]], Rule[Editable, False]] </annotation> </semantics> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <msup> <mn> 2 </mn> <mrow> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mo> ∑ </mo> <mrow> <mi> j </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mi> ⅈ </mi> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> π </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mi> j </mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <semantics> <mrow> <mi> ζ </mi> <mo> ⁡ </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mi> j </mi> <mo> + </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[RowBox[List["\[Zeta]", "(", TagBox[RowBox[List["j", "+", "1"]], Zeta, Rule[Editable, True]], ")"]], InterpretTemplate[Function[BoxForm`e$, Zeta[BoxForm`e$]]]] </annotation> </semantics> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mi> j </mi> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mn> 2 </mn> <mrow> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mo> ∑ </mo> <mrow> <mi> j </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mi> j </mi> </msup> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <semantics> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi> j </mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[RowBox[List["(", GridBox[List[List[TagBox[RowBox[List[RowBox[List["2", " ", "n"]], "-", "1"]], Identity, Rule[Editable, True]]], List[TagBox["j", Identity, Rule[Editable, True]]]]], ")"]], InterpretTemplate[Function[Binomial[Slot[1], Slot[2]]]], Rule[Editable, False]] </annotation> </semantics> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mi> log </mi> <mo> ⁡ </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mo> ∑ </mo> <mrow> <mi> k </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mi> j </mi> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> - </mo> <msup> <mn> 2 </mn> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mi> ⅈ </mi> </mrow> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> π </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <semantics> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mi> j </mi> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi> k </mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[RowBox[List["(", GridBox[List[List[TagBox[RowBox[List[RowBox[List["-", "j"]], "+", RowBox[List["2", " ", "n"]], "-", "1"]], Identity, Rule[Editable, True]]], List[TagBox["k", Identity, Rule[Editable, True]]]]], ")"]], InterpretTemplate[Function[Binomial[Slot[1], Slot[2]]]], Rule[Editable, False]] </annotation> </semantics> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <mi> k </mi> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <semantics> <mrow> <mi> ζ </mi> <mo> ⁡ </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mi> k </mi> <mo> + </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[RowBox[List["\[Zeta]", "(", TagBox[RowBox[List["k", "+", "1"]], Zeta, Rule[Editable, True]], ")"]], InterpretTemplate[Function[BoxForm`e$, Zeta[BoxForm`e$]]]] </annotation> </semantics> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mn> 2 </mn> <mrow> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mo> ∑ </mo> <mrow> <mi> k </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mi> k </mi> </msup> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <semantics> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi> k </mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[RowBox[List["(", GridBox[List[List[TagBox[RowBox[List[RowBox[List["2", " ", "n"]], "-", "1"]], Identity, Rule[Editable, True]]], List[TagBox["k", Identity, Rule[Editable, True]]]]], ")"]], InterpretTemplate[Function[Binomial[Slot[1], Slot[2]]]], Rule[Editable, False]] </annotation> </semantics> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <munderover> <mo> ∑ </mo> <mrow> <mi> j </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> <mi> k </mi> </munderover> <mrow> <msup> <mn> 2 </mn> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mi> j </mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo> ⁢ </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> 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</apply> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <apply> <plus /> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <factorial /> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <sum /> <bvar> <ci> j </ci> </bvar> <lowlimit> <cn type='integer'> 0 </cn> </lowlimit> <uplimit> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -2 </cn> </apply> </uplimit> <apply> <times /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> j </ci> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <plus /> <apply> 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Rule Form

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Date Added to functions.wolfram.com (modification date)

2007-05-02

PolyGamma[z]