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variants of this functions
PolyGamma






Mathematica Notation

Traditional Notation









Gamma, Beta, Erf > PolyGamma[nu,z] > Series representations > Asymptotic series expansions





http://functions.wolfram.com/06.15.06.0041.01









  


  










Input Form





PolyGamma[n, z] \[Proportional] (((-1)^(n - 1) (n - 1)!)/(2 z^(n + 1))) (n + 2 z) - (-1)^n Sum[((2 k + n - 1)!/((2 k)! z^(2 k + n))) BernoulliB[2 k], {k, 1, Infinity}] - Floor[Abs[Arg[z]]/Pi] ((-I) Pi)^(n + 1) 2^n (I Cot[Pi z] - 1) Sum[((-1)^k k! StirlingS2[n, k] (I Cot[Pi z] + 1)^k)/2^k, {k, 0, n}] /; Element[n, Integers] && n > 0 && !(Element[z, Integers] && z < 0) && (Abs[z] -> Infinity)










Standard Form





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MathML Form







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</mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mo> &#8721; </mo> <mrow> <mi> k </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mi> &#8734; </mi> </munderover> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mi> n </mi> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <msup> <mi> z </mi> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <msub> <semantics> <mi> B </mi> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[&quot;B&quot;, BernoulliB] </annotation> </semantics> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> &#8970; </mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <semantics> <mo> &#10072; </mo> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> &quot;\[LeftBracketingBar]&quot; 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</mo> <mrow> <mi> z </mi> <mo> &lt; </mo> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> &#8743; </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <semantics> <mo> &#10072; </mo> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> &quot;\[LeftBracketingBar]&quot; </annotation> </semantics> <mi> z </mi> <semantics> <mo> &#10072; </mo> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> &quot;\[RightBracketingBar]&quot; </annotation> </semantics> </mrow> <semantics> <mo> &#8594; </mo> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> &quot;\[Rule]&quot; </annotation> </semantics> <mi> &#8734; </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <annotation-xml encoding='MathML-Content'> <apply> <ci> Condition </ci> <apply> <ci> Proportional </ci> <apply> <ci> PolyGamma </ci> <ci> n </ci> <ci> z </ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <factorial /> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> z </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <apply> <power /> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <apply> <sum /> <bvar> <ci> k </ci> </bvar> <lowlimit> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </lowlimit> <uplimit> <infinity /> </uplimit> <apply> <times /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <factorial /> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <ci> n </ci> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <factorial /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <ci> n </ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <ci> BernoulliB </ci> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <apply> <floor /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <abs /> <apply> <arg /> <ci> z </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <pi /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <imaginaryi /> </apply> <pi /> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <imaginaryi /> <apply> <cot /> <apply> <times /> <pi /> <ci> z </ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> <apply> <sum /> <bvar> <ci> k </ci> </bvar> <lowlimit> <cn type='integer'> 0 </cn> </lowlimit> <uplimit> <ci> n </ci> </uplimit> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <apply> <factorial /> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <apply> <ci> StirlingS2 </ci> <ci> n </ci> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <imaginaryi /> <apply> <cot /> <apply> <times /> <pi /> <ci> z </ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <and /> <apply> <in /> <ci> n </ci> <apply> <ci> SuperPlus </ci> <ci> &#8469; 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Rule Form





Cell[BoxData[RowBox[List[RowBox[List["HoldPattern", "[", RowBox[List["PolyGamma", "[", RowBox[List["n_", ",", "z_"]], "]"]], "]"]], "\[RuleDelayed]", RowBox[List[RowBox[List[FractionBox[RowBox[List[RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List[SuperscriptBox[RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List["-", "1"]], ")"]], RowBox[List["n", "-", "1"]]], " ", RowBox[List[RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List["n", "-", "1"]], ")"]], "!"]]]], ")"]], " ", RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List["n", "+", RowBox[List["2", " ", "z"]]]], ")"]]]], RowBox[List["2", " ", SuperscriptBox["z", RowBox[List["n", "+", "1"]]]]]], "-", RowBox[List[SuperscriptBox[RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List["-", "1"]], ")"]], "n"], " ", RowBox[List[UnderoverscriptBox["\[Sum]", RowBox[List["k", "=", "1"]], "\[Infinity]"], FractionBox[RowBox[List[RowBox[List[RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List[RowBox[List["2", " ", "k"]], "+", "n", "-", "1"]], ")"]], "!"]], " ", RowBox[List["BernoulliB", "[", RowBox[List["2", " ", "k"]], "]"]]]], RowBox[List[RowBox[List[RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List["2", " ", "k"]], ")"]], "!"]], " ", SuperscriptBox["z", RowBox[List[RowBox[List["2", " ", "k"]], "+", "n"]]]]]]]]]], "-", RowBox[List[RowBox[List["Floor", "[", FractionBox[RowBox[List["Abs", "[", RowBox[List["Arg", "[", "z", "]"]], "]"]], "\[Pi]"], "]"]], " ", SuperscriptBox[RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List[RowBox[List["-", "\[ImaginaryI]"]], " ", "\[Pi]"]], ")"]], RowBox[List["n", "+", "1"]]], " ", SuperscriptBox["2", "n"], " ", RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List[RowBox[List["\[ImaginaryI]", " ", RowBox[List["Cot", "[", RowBox[List["\[Pi]", " ", "z"]], "]"]]]], "-", "1"]], ")"]], " ", RowBox[List[UnderoverscriptBox["\[Sum]", RowBox[List["k", "=", "0"]], "n"], FractionBox[RowBox[List[SuperscriptBox[RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List["-", "1"]], ")"]], "k"], " ", RowBox[List["k", "!"]], " ", RowBox[List["StirlingS2", "[", RowBox[List["n", ",", "k"]], "]"]], " ", SuperscriptBox[RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List[RowBox[List["\[ImaginaryI]", " ", RowBox[List["Cot", "[", RowBox[List["\[Pi]", " ", "z"]], "]"]]]], "+", "1"]], ")"]], "k"]]], SuperscriptBox["2", "k"]]]]]]]], "/;", RowBox[List[RowBox[List["n", "\[Element]", "Integers"]], "&&", RowBox[List["n", ">", "0"]], "&&", RowBox[List["!", RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List[RowBox[List["z", "\[Element]", "Integers"]], "&&", RowBox[List["z", "<", "0"]]]], ")"]]]], "&&", RowBox[List["(", RowBox[List[RowBox[List["Abs", "[", "z", "]"]], "\[Rule]", "\[Infinity]"]], ")"]]]]]]]]]]










Date Added to functions.wolfram.com (modification date)





2007-05-02