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variants of this functions
PolyGamma




Mathematica Notation

Traditional Notation









Gamma, Beta, Erf > PolyGamma[nu,z] > Series representations > Asymptotic series expansions





http://functions.wolfram.com/06.15.06.0044.01









  


  








Input Form





PolyGamma[-n, z] \[Proportional] z^n Sum[(1/(z^(2 k) ((2 k)! Gamma[1 - 2 k + n]))) ((Log[z] - EulerGamma - PolyGamma[1 - 2 k + n]) BernoulliB[2 k] + (2 k - n) (((-1)^k (2 k)! Zeta[2 k + 1])/(2^(2 k + 1) Pi^(2 k) z))), {k, 1, Floor[n/2]}] + z^n Sum[(((-1)^(n - 1) (2 k - n - 1)!)/(z^(2 k) (2 k)!)) BernoulliB[2 k], {k, Floor[n/2] + 1, Infinity}] + (z^(n - 2)/2) Sum[((2 k - n + 1)/(z^(2 k) ((2 k + 1)! (k + 1) (n - 2 k - 1)!))) (2 (k + 1) Derivative[1][Zeta][-2 k - 1] - BernoulliB[2 k + 2] HarmonicNumber[2 k + 1]), {k, 1, Floor[(n - 1)/2]}] - (z^(n - 1) (2 z HarmonicNumber[n] - n Log[2 Pi] - 2 z Log[z]))/(2 n!) + (z^(-2 + n)/(2 (n - 1)!)) (-2 (1 - n) Log[Glaisher] + z (EulerGamma - Log[z] + PolyGamma[n])) /; (Abs[z] -> Infinity) && Element[n, Integers] && n > 0








Standard Form





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MathML Form







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&#8290; </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mi> n </mi> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <msub> <semantics> <mi> B </mi> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[&quot;B&quot;, BernoulliB] </annotation> </semantics> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <msup> <mi> z </mi> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mo> + </mo> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi> z </mi> <mrow> <mi> n </mi> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> </msup> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mi> n </mi> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mi> z </mi> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <mi> log </mi> <mo> &#8289; </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mi> z </mi> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mrow> <semantics> <mi> &#968; </mi> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[&quot;\[Psi]&quot;, PolyGamma] </annotation> </semantics> <mo> ( </mo> <mi> n </mi> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <semantics> <mi> &#8509; </mi> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[&quot;\[DoubledGamma]&quot;, Function[List[], EulerGamma]] </annotation> </semantics> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> - </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <mi> log </mi> <mo> &#8289; </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <semantics> <mi> A </mi> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> 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</mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mi> k </mi> <mo> + </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mi> n </mi> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ! </mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mn> 2 </mn> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mi> k </mi> <mo> + </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <msup> <mi> &#950; </mi> <mo> &#8242; </mo> </msup> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mi> k </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mrow> <msub> <semantics> <mi> B </mi> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[&quot;B&quot;, BernoulliB] </annotation> 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&#8712; </mo> <msup> <mi> &#8469; </mi> <mo> + </mo> </msup> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <annotation-xml encoding='MathML-Content'> <apply> <ci> Condition </ci> <apply> <ci> Proportional </ci> <apply> <ci> PolyGamma </ci> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <ci> z </ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <apply> <factorial /> <ci> n </ci> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <ci> HarmonicNumber </ci> <ci> n </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <ci> n </ci> <apply> <ln /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <pi /> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <ln /> <ci> z </ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <ci> z </ci> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <apply> <sum /> <bvar> <ci> k </ci> </bvar> <lowlimit> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </lowlimit> <uplimit> <apply> <floor /> <apply> <times /> <ci> n </ci> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </uplimit> <apply> <times /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <factorial /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <ci> Gamma </ci> <apply> <plus /> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <ci> n </ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <apply> <factorial /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <pi /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <ci> z </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <ci> Zeta </ci> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <ci> BernoulliB </ci> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <ln /> <ci> z </ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <ci> PolyGamma </ci> <apply> <plus /> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <ci> n </ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <eulergamma /> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <ci> z </ci> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <apply> <sum /> <bvar> <ci> k </ci> </bvar> <lowlimit> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <floor /> <apply> <times /> <ci> n </ci> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> </lowlimit> <uplimit> <infinity /> </uplimit> <apply> <times /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <factorial /> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <factorial /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <ci> BernoulliB </ci> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <cn type='integer'> -2 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <apply> <factorial /> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <ln /> <ci> z </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <ci> PolyGamma </ci> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <eulergamma /> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <apply> <plus /> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <ln /> <ci> Glaisher </ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='rational'> 1 <sep /> 2 </cn> <apply> <power /> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <cn type='integer'> -2 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <sum /> <bvar> <ci> k </ci> </bvar> <lowlimit> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </lowlimit> <uplimit> <apply> <floor /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </uplimit> <apply> <times /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> <apply> <power /> <ci> z </ci> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <factorial /> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci> k </ci> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> <apply> <factorial /> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <apply> <plus /> <ci> k </ci> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> <apply> <ci> D </ci> <apply> <ci> Zeta </ci> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <apply> <times /> <apply> <ci> BernoulliB </ci> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <ci> HarmonicNumber </ci> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> 2 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <and /> <apply> <ci> Rule </ci> <apply> <abs /> <ci> z </ci> </apply> <infinity /> </apply> <apply> <in /> <ci> n </ci> <apply> <ci> SuperPlus </ci> <ci> &#8469; </ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </annotation-xml> </semantics> </math>










Rule Form





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Date Added to functions.wolfram.com (modification date)





2007-05-02