Subfactorial[z] == ((-1)^n/Pochhammer[-z - n, n]) Subfactorial[z + n] + (-1)^z Sum[(-1)^k/Pochhammer[z + 1, k + 1], {k, 0, n - 1}] /; Element[n, Integers] && n >= 0

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<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' mathematica:form='TraditionalForm' xmlns:mathematica='http://www.wolfram.com/XML/'> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mi> Subfactorial </mi> <mo> &#8289; </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mi> z </mi> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> &#63449; </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mi> n </mi> </msup> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> <semantics> <msub> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mi> n </mi> </mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mi> z </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mi> n </mi> </msub> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[SubscriptBox[RowBox[List[&quot;(&quot;, RowBox[List[RowBox[List[&quot;-&quot;, &quot;n&quot;]], &quot;-&quot;, &quot;z&quot;]], &quot;)&quot;]], &quot;n&quot;], Pochhammer] </annotation> </semantics> </mfrac> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <mi> Subfactorial </mi> <mo> &#8289; </mo> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mi> n </mi> <mo> + </mo> <mi> z </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> + </mo> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mi> z </mi> </msup> <mo> &#8290; </mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mo> &#8721; </mo> <mrow> <mi> k </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi> n </mi> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mo> - </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mi> k </mi> </msup> <semantics> <msub> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mi> z </mi> <mo> + </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi> k </mi> <mo> + </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> </msub> <annotation encoding='Mathematica'> TagBox[SubscriptBox[RowBox[List[&quot;(&quot;, RowBox[List[&quot;z&quot;, &quot;+&quot;, &quot;1&quot;]], &quot;)&quot;]], RowBox[List[&quot;k&quot;, &quot;+&quot;, &quot;1&quot;]]], Pochhammer] </annotation> </semantics> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> /; </mo> <mrow> <mi> n </mi> <mo> &#8712; </mo> <mi> &#8469; </mi> </mrow> </mrow> <annotation-xml encoding='MathML-Content'> <apply> <ci> Condition </ci> <apply> <eq /> <apply> <ci> Subfactorial </ci> <ci> z </ci> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <ci> Pochhammer </ci> <apply> <plus /> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <apply> <times /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> z </ci> </apply> </apply> <ci> n </ci> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <apply> <ci> Subfactorial </ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <ci> z </ci> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> z </ci> </apply> <apply> <sum /> <bvar> <ci> k </ci> </bvar> <lowlimit> <cn type='integer'> 0 </cn> </lowlimit> <uplimit> <apply> <plus /> <ci> n </ci> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </uplimit> <apply> <times /> <apply> <power /> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> <ci> k </ci> </apply> <apply> <power /> <apply> <ci> Pochhammer </ci> <apply> <plus /> <ci> z </ci> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> <apply> <plus /> <ci> k </ci> <cn type='integer'> 1 </cn> </apply> </apply> <cn type='integer'> -1 </cn> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> </apply> <apply> <in /> <ci> n </ci> <ci> &#8469; </ci> </apply> </apply> </annotation-xml> </semantics> </math>

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2007-05-02